Evidence is limited to animal or in-vitro work. No human pharmacokinetics. Any human dose in circulation is extrapolated, and extrapolation across species routinely fails.
No pharmacokinetic half-life data exist in ANY species, human or animal. The KPV literature is efficacy and mechanism work in murine colitis models and cell culture; pharmacokinetics were never characterised.
No human dosing data of any kind. All published dosing is in mouse colitis models and in vitro at nanomolar concentrations. Community oral and topical protocols have no published human basis.
No human safety data exist. Mechanistically KPV appears to act via PepT1-mediated uptake and inhibition of NF-κB and MAP kinase signalling rather than via melanocortin receptors, so it is not expected to share the melanotan-class pigmentation or cardiovascular effects. Efficacy in humans is entirely unestablished.